Malaysia
Malaysia is a country in Southeast Asia consisting of 13 states and three federal regions, an area of the College of 329.845 km 2. [9] [11] The capital city is Kuala Lumpur, while Putrajaya is the seat of the federal government. Up the population to more than 28 million people. The country is divided into two sections separated by the South China Sea, namely Peninsular Malaysia and Malaysian Borneo (also known as East Malaysia). Limiting each from Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore and Brunei. Malaysia is located near the equator and tropical climate. Malaysian top of the pyramid is the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, a king of the team, while the government is headed by the Prime Minister. [12] [13] adopted the government is very close to the Westminster parliamentary system. [14]
Malaysia did not exist as a unified state until the year 1963 in the past, the United Kingdom extended its influence in the colonies in those areas late eighteenth century. The western half of modern Malaysia from several independent kingdoms. I knew this group of colonies on behalf of British Malaya resolved until 1946, when it was reorganized within the Federation of Malaya. Because of the opposition of the vast, reorganized again within the Federation of Malaya Fed in 1948, then gained independence in later on August 31, 1957. [15] merged all of Singapore, Sarawak and North Borneo British Federation of Malaya, all to form Malaysia on September 16, 1963 [16]. got in the years following tensions within the new union led to an armed conflict with Indonesia and the expulsion of Singapore on August 9, 1965. [17] [18]
During the late twentieth century, Malaysia has seen an economic boom and underwent rapid development. Where bounded by the Straits of Malacca, an important sea route for international navigation, and that international trade is an essential part of the economy. [19] constitute the industry one of the key sectors in the economy of the country. [20] also joined Malaysia to the Group of Eight Islamic Developing. Malaysia has a vital versatile of plants and animals, which are considered among the 17 most versatile.
Malaysia adopted the name in 1963 when it united Singapore, Sarawak and North Borneo and the Federation of Malay in a union of 14 countries. But the name itself has been used vaguely to refer to areas in Southeast Asia as before. In the map published in 1914 in Chicago, the word Malaysia printed on it referring to certain territories within the Malay Archipelago. [22] thought politicians in the Philippines, while often naming their state "Malaysia", but Malaysia Sbakthm to the name in 1963. [23] in the time of Union in 1963, took into account other labels, was among them for Angkasuka, according to the historical kingdom which occupied the upper part of the Malay Peninsula in the first millennium of the birth. [24]
Wrote the world races Earl George Samuel Windsor in 1850 in the Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia, proposed naming islands of Indonesia on behalf of Malaionysia or Indonesia. The preferred first name. [25]
There are several theories about the origin of the word Malay or Malay. Says the most plausible explanation that the word combination of two words from the Tamil language - Sanskrit, Malai (hill) and Orr (city), to the effect of the hill town. This name was adopted when he began travelers and Indian traders identify the geographic area with about Malaysia at the present time. Believed that the origin of this word naming Malay kingdom, a kingdom of classic emerged between the seventh and thirteenth, in the area around the current Darmasoeria in Sumatra. Founded by the Society on River Batangare and gold traders from Minanczykapau remote area. Added later - Sia -aleonanah of the Latin language, making Malaysia the name literally means land of the Malay people. Carried the continental region of the country name Malaya (without "- CNN") until 1963, when he joined the union with Sabah and Sarawak and Singapore in the northern part of the island of Borneo. Expelled Singapore 1965 indicated a name change to change the country's borders beyond the Malay Peninsula. Malaysian description refers to all Malaysian people of all races, while Malay refers to the people indigenous Malays, who make up nearly half of the population.
Archaeological research reveals the existence of traces of that stage in all parts of Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah and Sarawak. Back the earliest evidence that human housing area to 40,000 years ago. These anglers Almizuletyon are probably the ancestors of Simang, a group Negreto ethnic origins deep in the Malay Peninsula.
It seems that a group Sinoe vehicle, where back nearly half of the mothers of the DNA strains to Simang ancestors and the other half to the subsequent migrations from Indochina. Scientists suggests that they are descendants of the first speakers Balostrunezih farmers, who brought both their language and their farming techniques to the southern part of the peninsula in nearly 5,000 years ago. Where integrated and united with the indigenous population.
Malays early ancestors more versatile. Although they show some correlation island Southeast Asia, some of them associated Bonsab in Indochina from the last great ice age, about 20,000 years ago. Anthropologists supports the notion that the ancestors of the Malays grew up in what is known today as the Yunnan in China. This was followed by an early Holusena spread across the Malay Peninsula to the island of South East Asia. About 300 BC, pushed internally by the ancestors of the Malay secondary, and they range from the Iron Age or Bronze Age people descended partly from the Cham of Cambodia and Vietnam. Malays were the ancestors of the first sub-group in the Arabian Peninsula, which used metal tools, and direct predecessor to the people of the Malay Malaysian current.
Indians rack veterans on behalf of the Malay Peninsula Sovarnadwiba or "golden peninsula." While appeared on the map of Ptolemy as the "Golden Alcheronez." He pointed to the Strait of Malacca on behalf of pocket Sabarikus. [26] arrived traders and settlers from India and China as early as the first century. Chinese and Indians established commercial ports and towns in the region in the second and third centuries centuries, and which reached their numbers to 30, according to Chinese sources. The influence on the local culture was evident. In the first centuries of the first millennium, the population embraced the Malay Peninsula Indian religions of Hinduism and Buddhism, as well as the use of Sanskrit writing system.
One of the first known kingdoms that dominated what is now Malaysia is the old empire to Angkasuka, located in the north of the Malay Peninsula around Tasik Cini. Been closely associated in Funan Kingdom of Cambodia, which also ruled the northern part of Malaysia until the sixth century. According to the Sejarah Melayu "(Malay Annals"), the foundations of the Emir of the Khmer kingdom of Raja Ganji Sarjona Ganga Negara (Birwas, Perak currently) in the early eighth century. Between the seventh and thirteenth underwent most of Peninsular Malaysia to the Srivijaya empire, which was centered in Palembang on the island of Sumatra.
Ganga Negara was attacked in the years 1025-1026 by Rajendra Chola I, a Tamil Emperor who is now believed that destroyed Kota Geelangji, signed Kedah, known as Kidaram, Chi -cha (according to IE - Ching) or Kataha Albalava or in ancient Sanskrit, invasions in the way of direct rule from 1025 Alichola forced Khalifa Chola I, Vera Rajendra Chola, to put down a rebellion in Kedah to get rid of the invaders of others. Chola control over the region have led to a decline in the greatness of Srivijaya, a kingdom dominated the Indonesian Kedah, Pattani and down to the Jaguars.
Describes the poem "Pattenapallai" Tamil from the second century AD Kadaram goods heaped in the streets of the capital of the Chola wide. Indicate Sanskrit drama of the seventh century, Komodimahotesfa, to Kedah on behalf of Kataha Nagari. It also reminds Ognniburana area known as Wanda - Kataha with a specific peak of its borders, scientists believe they Gonwong Geraa. Describes the stories of life in Katasaritassagaram elegance Kataha. Dominated by the Buddhist kingdom of the Uighur Kedah shortly after. King Chandrabano used as a base for an attack on Sri Lanka in the tenth century atheist. Without this event a stone inscription in Tamil Nadu Nagabatinom in novels and in the Sri Lankan Mahavamsa.
After the fall of Srivijaya, Majapahit Empire dominated stationed in Java on most parts of Indonesia, the Malay Peninsula, and the coast of the island of Borneo.
In the early fifteenth century, established Baramesuara, a prince from the Srivijaya Empire of Palembang in the previous dynasty and founded what was known later on behalf of the Sultanate of Malacca. Balimbang led occupation of the city to escape and many others. Temasek sailed Baramesuara intending to escape persecution. And there was under the protection of Timaja, commander of the Malay Pattani eye of the king of Siam and the guardian of Temasek. Within a few days, killing Baramesuara Timaja and appointed himself guardian. After nearly five years after the forced to leave Temasek, due to threats from Siam. During this period, attacked the fleet of Javanese Majapahit Temasek.
Stained ruin of a stone building, showing a central arch, flanked by two columns, with a stone relief above the arch, also flanked by two columns, and a second free-standing arch perched on the very top of the ruin.
Fort Vamosa (famous) Portuguese in Malacca. Built by the Portuguese in the sixteenth century.
Baramesuara went north and founded a new settlement. In Muar, Baramesuara wanted to build his new kingdom in Biaoak Bosuk or in Kuta Borok. After it was found that the site was not suitable Muar, and continued his journey northward. Along the way, and was told that he had visited Sinying Ajrnj (the former name of Sanjay Ojrnj Sungai current) until he reached the village at the mouth of the River Bertam (the old name for the Malacca River). This village has evolved over time to become a city of Malacca current. According to the records of Malaya, and saw the deer mouse Baramesuara here annoys dog resting under a tree Malacca. This was seen as a good omen, and decided to establish a kingdom called Malacca. Also built improved facilities for trade.
At that time, who founded the Malacca, the emperor of the Ming dynasty Chinese sending fleets of ships to expand trade. Admiral Zheng was invited to Malacca Prince Baramesuara who brought with him when he returned to China, in recognition of his position as governor of Malacca legit. Versus ordinary tribute, the Chinese emperor to protect Malacca from constant threats Siamese. Chinese and Indians who settled in the Malay Peninsula before and during this period were the ancestors of today's societal Baba- Naonya and Chitty.
According to the theory, the safest Baramesuara when he married Princess Pasay and took the title of "Shah", calling himself Iskandar Shah. Remember the news that the Chinese in 1414, visited the son of the first governor of Malacca Emperor Ming to inform him of the death of his father. Become son Baramesuara then officially recognized by the Chinese emperor invited on behalf of Raja Sri Rama Vikrama, Raja of Baramesuara of Temasek and Malacca, and known among Muslims in the name of Sultan Sri Iskandar Zulkarnain Shah or Sultan Megat Iskandar Shah. [27] the rule of Malacca between 1414-1424 . [27] [28] through the influence of Indian Muslims, and to a lesser extent, the people of Hui Chinese, Islam has become increasingly common during the fifteenth century. To the fact that the Kingdom of Malacca as a milestone in the peninsula Islam spread to neighboring countries. By the beginning of the sixteenth century became the dominant religion among Malays.
In 1511, Portugal conquered Malacca, and established a colony there. Established the sons of the last ruler of Malacca two kingdoms elsewhere in the peninsula: the Sultanate of Perak to the north, and the Sultanate of Johor (originally a continuation of the old Malacca sultanate) to the south. After the fall of Malacca, three forces fought for control of the Strait of Malacca: Portugal (in Malacca), Johor, and Aceh. This conflict continued until 1641, when it was dominated by the Dutch (allied with Johor).
Malaysia is a founding member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), and participates in many international organizations such as the United Nations. [50] [51] since it is a former British colony, it is also a member of the Commonwealth. [52] It is also a member of the group of developing countries eight. [53] Malaysia has diplomatic relations with many countries, but they do not recognize the state of Israel. Accordingly, can not be any traveler carrying a Malaysian passport to enter Israel nor the Israeli enter Malaysia.
Is the responsibility of the defense of the country to the Malaysian Armed Forces (Ongkatan Tantira Malaysia). These forces are divided into three branches, the Royal Malaysian Navy (Tantira Daraja Out of Malaysia), the Malaysian Army (Tantira circuits Malaysia), Royal Malaysian Air Force (Tantira Oodara Daraja Malaysia). Operates the Royal Malaysian Air Force both from aircraft carriers American or Russian.
Southeast Asia is the center of trade for centuries. Traded goods from porcelain and spices even before the emergence of Malacca and Singapore on the scene. In the seventeenth century, and found these goods in several of the states of Malaya. Later, with the control of British Malaya, was the use of rubber trees and oil palm trees for commercial purposes. With the passage of time, has become Malaysia's biggest producer of the world's major tin, rubber and palm oil. These three commodities, along with other raw materials, pushed the pace of the Malaysian economy during the mid-twentieth century.
Instead of relying on the people of Malawi as a source of local employment, bringing the British Chinese and Indians to work in mines, farms and fill the void in professional expertise. And despite the fact that many of them have returned to their countries of origin after the end of their contracts, some of them settled in Malaysia permanently.
And with the progress of the country towards independence, the government began to implement the five-year economic plans, starting from the first Five-Year Plan Malawi in 1955 on the basis of the birth of Malaysia, has been rebuilt and a new numbering plans, starting from the First Malaysia Plan in 1965.
Began to Malaysia in the seventies tradition of Asian Tiger economies of the four (the Republic of Korea (South Korea) and the Republic of China (Taiwan), then a colony of the British Crown in Hong Kong and the Republic of Singapore), and committed itself to move from being dependent on mining and agriculture to an economy that depends more on manufacturing. The presence of Japanese investment, heavy industries flourished in a few years, and has become the country's engine of growth Releases main. Malaysia consistently achieved growth rate of GDP of more than 7% with low inflation in the eighties and nineties. Malaysia is today one of the largest manufacturers of computer hard drives.
During the same period, the government tried to eradicate poverty with new economic policies controversial, especially ethnic riots on May 13 of the year 1969 was its main objective the elimination of connecting sweat economic function, and the plan was Malaysia's second first five-year plan included the implementation of the New Economic Policy. Success or failure of the NEP is the subject of much debate, although officially referred to retire in 1990 and replaced by the National Development Policy. She recently appeared again a lot of discussions about the results and the importance of what is known as the new economic policy. Some have argued that it has succeeded in creating a middle class / senior businessmen and professionals Malays. Despite some improvement in the economic power of Malays in general, the Malaysian government maintains a policy of discrimination that favors ethnic Malays on the other, including preferential treatment in employment, education, scholarships, business, access to cheaper housing and immediate assistance. This special treatment helped to provoke envy and resentment between Malays and non-Malays.
Controlled by ethnic Chinese on the locally-owned sector of the country's economy, meanwhile, has been abandoned in favor of the large size Bumiputra / Malay in many industries such as basic or strategic oil trade, transport, agriculture, automotive industry, and other industries. Economic prosperity has led to the rapid emergence of a number of problems, but led to a deficiency of labor flow of millions of foreign workers, many of them illegally. Appeared PLCs and consortia of banks eager to benefit from the rapid development and an increase in large infrastructure projects. This boom ended when the Asian financial crisis struck in the fall of 1997, the introduction of the blow to the economy of Malaysia.
God's blessing
