China

China

(Simplified Chinese: 中国 Chongwa; Traditional Chinese: 中國), formally known as the People's Republic of China (Simplified Chinese: 中华人民共和国 Zhonghua Renmin Gonghegu; Traditional Chinese: 中華人民共和國) is the most populous country in the world with more than 1.338 billion people. Located in East Asia and is governed by the Chinese Communist Party under the one-party system. China is composed of more than 22 provinces, five autonomous regions and four municipalities directly administered (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and Chongqing, two regions of high autonomy are the Hong Kong and Macao. Nation's capital is the city of Beijing.
Extends over an area of ​​the country's 9.6 million square kilometers (3.7 million square miles), where the Peoples Republic of China is the third or fourth largest of the total area (depending on the definition of what is included in this total), and the second-largest, according to the area of ​​the mainland. Varied landscape in China between forests and steppes and deserts (the Gobi and Taklamakan) in the dry north near Mongolia and Siberia in Russia and sub-tropical forests in the humid south, near Vietnam, Laos and Burma. Terrain in the West and the rugged and at high altitudes where the Himalayas and the Tian Shan Mountains form the natural border with China, India and Central Asia. In contrast, the eastern coast of the mainland low Odhu 14,500 kilometer long coastline bounded on the southeast by the South China Sea and East China Sea, which is located outside the eastern Taiwan, Korea and Japan.
Ancient Chinese civilization, one of the oldest civilizations in the world, where it flourished in the fertile basin of the Yellow River, which flows through the North China Plain] through more than 6,000 in the political system in China on genetic monarchies (also known as dynasties). The first of these breeds Xia (about 2000 BC), but subsequent Qin Dynasty was the first unified the country in 221 BC. Ended last strains (Qing Dynasty) in 1911 with the founding of the Republic of China by the Kuomintang (KMT) and the Chinese Nationalist Party. The first half of the twentieth century, the fall of the country in a period of disintegration and civil wars that divided the country into two camps, two main political Kuomintang and the Communists. The violence ended the Great in 1949 when the Communists to resolve the civil war and founded the People's Republic of China in mainland China. Transfer KMT capital of his republic to Taipei in Taiwan, where currently limited sovereignty over Taiwan and Kinmen and Matsu Islands several remote. Since then, it has entered the People's Republic of China in political disputes with the Republic of China on the issues of sovereignty, the political status of Taiwan.
Since the introduction of economic reforms based on market system in 1978, China has become the fastest-growing economies in the world where it became the largest exporter in the world and the second largest importer of goods. China's economy is the second largest economy in the world, in terms of nominal GDP and purchasing power parity. China is a permanent member of the Security Council of the United Nations. She is also a member of the multilateral organizations, including the WTO, APEC and BRIC and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and the Group of Twenty. China has a nuclear arsenal is recognized and its army is the largest in the world in service with the second-largest defense budget. China branded a potential superpower by a number of academics, military analysts and economists, analysts and public policy.

Turkey

Turkey (in Turkish: Türkiye)



Officially known as the Republic of Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti) for this file listened (? · Info) is a country located in the Middle East. Bounded on the north of the Black Sea and Georgia and to the east of Armenia and Iran to the south of Iraq, Syria and the Mediterranean Sea with the maritime border with Cyprus and on the west Aegean, Greece and Bulgaria. [4] [5] is a member of the Organization for Economic Cooperation of the Black Sea.
Turkey is a secular, democratic, unitary, constitutional republic with an old cultural heritage. Turkey has become increasingly integrated with the West through membership in organizations such as the Council of Europe, NATO, the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe and the Group of Twenty (major economies in the world). Turkey began full membership negotiations with the European Union in 2005, with the knowledge that she was an associate member of the European Common Market since 1963, and in 1995, an agreement was reached Customs Union. Has strengthened Turkey also cultural relations and close political and economic and industrial with the Middle East, the Turkic states in Central Asia and the African countries through membership in organizations such as the Council of Turkey, and the joint management of the arts and culture of Turkey, and the Organization of Islamic Cooperation and the Economic Cooperation Organization. Turkey's location at the crossroads between Europe and Asia make it a country of significant geostrategic importance. Due to its strategic location, the economy and the large military force, Turkey is a major regional power.
Located straits of the Dardanelles and the Bosphorus and the Sea of ​​Marmara - that link the Black Sea to the Aegean and reach Asia to Europe - in its territory, which makes its strategic and influential on the countries bordering on the Black Sea. Turkey was the center of Ottoman rule until the year 1922 that the Turkish Republic was established in 1923 by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk.

Rome

Rome (Italian: Roma) English (rome) is the capital of Italy and its largest city. Located in the center of the State of Italy on the banks of the River Alteverh and a population of about 2,555,000 people. It is the capital of the province of Rome about 3615972 people, and also the capital of the province of Lazio, about 5.27 million. Named after the Romans. The city was the capital of the ancient empire and Romania became the capital of modern Italy since 1871, is the capital of the province of Latium and administrative division of Rome.
For several centuries, called the eternal city of Rome, earned the title of being one of the greatest and most important cities in Western civilization, it was the imperial capital of Romania, and is now the spiritual heart of the Catholic Church Romania. Since 1871 and is the capital of united Italy

Madrid

Madrid (Spanish: Madrid), capital of the Kingdom of Spain and its largest city [1] has a population of 3.2 million inhabitants (January 2011), and up the population to the suburbs with 6.54 million people. The area of ​​the city's 607 square kilometers (234 sq mi). [2] The city is located on the banks of the Manzanares River in the center of Spain, Madrid is the third largest city in the European Union after London and Berlin. The seat of the Spanish government and the royal family and the country's most important companies and 6 public universities and several institutes of higher education. Madrid is considered one of the most important cities of Europe strategically, culturally and economically. It is the fourth largest city in terms of the number of tourists in Europe and the first in Spain and the total number of tourists who are hosting the city's nearly seven million tourists in 2006, which is the headquarters of the World Tourism Organization International Tourism Fair (FITUR). City also boasts the Museo del Prado and Real Madrid Football famous, in addition to the seat of government, and the Spanish parliament, ministries, institutions and agencies, and how to establish the official residence of the kings of Spain [3]. And Mayor Anna Botaaa party center-right People's Party in the office of 2011.obsbb economic output, and standard of living, and market size, is considered Madrid strong financial hub in the Iberian Peninsula, as it operates headquarters for the vast majority of the largest Spanish companies, additional to Madrid is the headquarters of the three major companies of the 100 largest companies in the world (Telefonica, Repsol - YPF, Endesa) [4] .temtlkmadrid modern infrastructure, has maintained the shape and appearance of many historic neighborhoods and streets. Madrid landmarks include the huge Royal Palace of Madrid and the Teatro Real (Royal Theatre) 1850 Opera House and the Retiro Park Bowen - founded in 1631 - and the library Aloutnah- which was founded in 1712 - and a group of historical archives in Spain. The three museums of Art: Prado Museum,

Germany:

Germany:



Germany is a federal republic democracy, and a member of the European Union in its full name: Federal Republic of Germany
Berlin is the largest city and is the capital and the seat of power. Federal federal political system, and take the form of a parliamentary democratic republican. Germany is divided into sixteen 16 federal region each with its sovereignty and his own local.
Germany is located in Central Europe, bordered to the north: the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea, and from the south: Austria, Switzerland, and the East: Poland, Czech Republic, on the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium and the Netherlands.
The area of ​​Germany: 357.021 square kilometers and has a population of 81751602 people, is considered the state's most numerous and densely populated countries in the European Union and is also the third largest state in terms of the number Amhajeryn it.
Germany formed a central part in the Romanian Holy Empire, which lasted until 1806, and during the 16th century northern Germany became the center of the Protestant Reformation. After World War II, Germany was divided into two parts: East Germany and West Germany. The re-unification in 1990, in 1957, West Germany became a founding member of the European Common Market, which became the European Union in 1993. In 1999, the euro became the currency of Germany (German: Euro Aero) has also become one of the European countries belonging to the Schengen agreement allowing residents to European countries belonging to the agreement to move into and out of without a visa and without limits.
Founded Germany social insurance system as a step in a series of measures in order to develop the living standards of its population and its location in the relations of European and maintains strong partnerships at the global level, Germany is the second pilot in the science of medicine, engineering, technology and modern techniques, a member of the United Nations, NATO and the Group of Eight and the Organization for economic Cooperation and Development and is a major economic power, where it is the largest exporter of goods and the second largest importer in the world.

City of Glasgow

City of Glasgow



Glasgow (Glasgow) from the British and Scottish cities, special and exciting, they are one of the oldest cities in the country and the most stylish and welcoming. But it many years ago the city of middle and working class in Scotland, can not match the Djtha fuss every week, where the two old foes, including clubs in world football: «Rangers» and «Saltic» who are greeted with open weekly for at least 125 000 spectators. But the uniqueness of the city and its inhabitants became a good tone for her own sons, dubbed «Glascoijian» proportion to the name of the city. It is the tone of English and Irish Celtic local mixed, fast and brief heavy and difficult to understand at first, but with time an individual can discover the beauty and expressions and snorts with derision and proximity to the heart.

The name means «Glasgow» beloved green place, so the city uses the site since prehistoric times for housing because of its proximity to the River «Clyde» and contained in an area of ​​great natural salmon fishing known and perfume.



A city that lives in the revived ancient and modern about two million people, one of the largest cities of Scotland and the third most populous in the United Kingdom. And enjoys excellent natural on the banks of the river, since the Middle Ages (the central regions of Western). Have contributed to the church and universities in the city is described as the Scottish Enlightenment. It says electronic encyclopedia free: Glasgow that has become important in the twelfth century, and re-organized the King David I of Scotland and Bishop of Glasgow. But as we know, which is founded by Saint Quintagern (Saint Kentigern), Valmard annual happening in the city under the name of «Glasgow gallery» dating back to the year 118. became the city since the eighteenth century one of the basic points of trade with the Americas. With the Industrial Revolution, the city grew and the surrounding area to become one of the most important centers of engineering, education and shipbuilding prominent in the world. The day «British Empire», especially the reign of Queen Victoria was the second city after Glasgow to London, and was the backbone of the industrial empire is not invincible. And between the Victorian era and the end of World War II days abounded Irish emigration to it, the city remained the most important centers of academic, legal and international industry, especially in terms of the production of steel, coal and shipbuilding huge (such famous ships: Queen Mary, Queen Elizabeth, QE2, Royal Yacht Britannia) . And other heavy industrial machinery and marine engineering. But after World War II, the city's position fell after the rise of Japan and Germany, industrial, and lived a long period of recession, financial and social continued until the nineties of the last century. Since that time, the renaissance of the city and living large at all levels to the extent that it came close to restoring its reputation and attractiveness and importance, which is currently one of the largest European centers, commercial and financial, as it the fourth largest city in Europe, too, after London, Paris and Berlin. Was considered the cultural capital of Europe in 1990.



Glasgow is the largest economic area in Scotland, and the most important cities in terms of productivity in the country, and includes no less than 12 000 companies. The value of foreign investments, which in 2006 to 4.2 billion pounds (8 billion dollars). Glasgow is said to be one of the most European cities in terms of economic growth and job creation, especially given that 55% of the population in the surrounding areas entering it each day. Although the city is still active at the level of shipbuilding, the focus is currently on the economy diversified, such as the financial sector and companies (sixteen in Europe) and communications, science and industries smart, health, trade and tertiary education in particular and on the head of tourism, of course. In addition, the city has made ​​60 per cent of the production of Scotland in general, are active in the city several sectors such as electronics, software, chips and chemicals, publishing and printing and textiles. In the city, and representatives of the offices of the largest companies in the world and dubbed «Blue Chip». Current city dating back to the Urban nineteenth century, it was left only few signs of the fourteenth century, such as the Cathedral of «St Mungo». However this is one of the beautiful cities and urban where a lot of historic buildings and important (Glasgow City Chambers and the University of Glasgow) at the level of architecture Lacan Victoria or newly classic. He lived in the city in the eighteenth century elite architects known all over the world such as George Scott who designed the University of Glasgow, and Alexander Thomson, and most importantly Charles McIntosh. Imran anyway, the city is strong and beautiful, diverse and guide the wealth and grandeur that has enjoyed the days of the Empire. Most of the buildings are built with stones and red sand warm orange. Yet this city has the largest number of buildings and high-rise towers own municipality, but there are other buildings and modern high on the banks of the «Clyde», including the tallest tower in Scotland «Tower Alevenston Palace» (39 storeys) in the area «you refer Cross» known. It is also «concert hall property» (Glasgow Royal Concert Hall) and «Exhibition and Conference Centre Scottish» (Scottish Exhibition and Conference Centre) and «hall Clyde designed by architect known Sir Nroman Foostr» (Clyde Auditorium) and «Transport Museum» (Museum of Transport), who designed the new architecture of British origin Iraqi Zaha Hadid.



City center embraces all cultural activities, recreational and heritage, especially in the arena of «George Square», like «Royal Theatre» (opera and ballet) and «The Kings Theatre» (The King "s Theatre) and« Hall of Modern Art (Gallery of Modern Art) and «library Mitchell» (Mitchell Library) and «lounge movies» (Glasgow Film Theatre) and «Science Center» (Glasgow Science Centre), which attracts wishing to understand how the technology works and applications through easy and digestible., and most of all, this «Glasgow School of Art »(Glasgow School of Art), designed by Mackintosh, is the masterpiece of architecture in the world for its beauty and elegance. perhaps was one of the most beautiful universities in the world. says Dr. Royal, a architect and Iraqi academic and teacher at the Royal Danish Academy of Art about the school:« but the work is important in the production creative's «Macs», was the design and implementation «School of the Arts» in Glasgow (1899 1909). at this building distancing «Mackintosh» himself away from the traditional use of architectural styles historical, and is based on the creation of the configuration design of the building from the Zaúvih, as it makes the windows The first floor serves as a glass openings and wide, clearly demonstrate all the substantive purpose, being spaces for artistic concerns ».

Official figures show that in Scotland the city, which attracts tens of thousands of tourists a year before the nineties became the station first-class tourism attracts at least four million tourists a year, and the city also became the most important centers of holding conferences in Europe. Has developed a local government plan to introduce a special city in the modern era and make cities successful. The tourism sector also contributes in creating a lot of jobs that reached a population of 150 000 to the opportunity in recent years (2005, 2006).

After London and Manchester can say that Glasgow the most important shopping centers in Britain and Europe, providing also offers major cities Kprchillona and Paris enormous amount of offers and goods, clothing and products, especially those that bear the names of shiny in Milan, Paris, London and elsewhere. The Foundation is considering «Harvey Nichols» near the ancient «Harrods» open section her there as is the case with the biggest shopping centers in London «Silvrigez». And more importantly, shopping in the city is easy because it is designed on the American way and be a breakthrough usually Square «George Square» toward the street «Argyle» (Argyle) and Street «Buchanan» (Buchanan Streets) and the central shopping: «Buchanan Galeries» (Buchanan Galleries) and «St. Enoch Centre» (St. Enoch Centre) important. This is at the level of the shopping consumer, while at the local level, there are markets cheap popularity countless, whether it's fruit, vegetables or clothing or books, antiques, jewelry, furniture and other, as the city is home to a community is huge and ancient Italians and Pakistanis. The Pakistanis are the largest foreign community in the flourishing city, especially in the Indian restaurants. This is considered both Glasgow and Edinburgh and Scotland in general, the most important of which is to find places where the Indian restaurants of all grades, especially luxury and internationally known....

Angola ..

Angola ..



  Angola and its official name, the Republic of Angola (República de Angola). State in the middle of South Africa, its border with Namibia to the south and the north of Congo, Zambia to the east and the Atlantic Ocean to the west.





The head of state, since 1979, is responsible for the appointment of cabinet ministers. Prior to 1992, he was elected president without opposition under a one-party system, and since 0.1992 is Agraeantkhabat multiple parties and take the winning candidate the presidency for five years, subject to renewal. In the 2008 election, he received President Jose Eduardo dos Santos on 49.6% of the votes, and the candidate got Savimbi's UNITA movement to 40.1%, requiring a new round of elections, but UNITA rejected the results of the first round and renewed civil war and the president remained in office.



  Coastal plains rising toward home, where up to the Angolan plateau, and the stems of which numerous rivers tend to Zaire or the Atlantic Ocean or to the inside. The climate varies, it is in the south and west, semi-desert, and in the north subtropical (tropical wet) Hot and humid Omtarh from November to April. Cabinda province of Cabinda is an isolated area, separated from the rest of Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo.